⚾ Advanced Baseball & Softball Training
🚀
EXIT SPEED 101

UNDERSTANDING
EXIT
VELOCITY

In 7 Minutes · With Coach Steve
122.2
MLB Record MPH
3
Phase Program
100+
Pro Target MPH

Bat Speed vs. Exit Speed

🏏
Bat Speed
The speed of the bat itself as it travels through the hitting zone. The input that creates exit speed.
🚀
Exit Speed
The speed of the BALL after it hits the bat. The ultimate output — the number that matters most.

"Exit Speed is my favorite hitting metric. You want both bat speed and exit speed — but exit velocity is the ultimate goal. Every bit of exit speed you gain increases your ability to do damage at the plate."

— Coach Steve · Coach Steve Baseball

Bat speed creates exit speed. They go hand in hand. When we train exit velocity, we're training the entire chain — from hip rotation to hand path to contact — to produce the hardest possible ball off the bat.


What Affects Your Number

Baseball vs. Softball
Different balls, different exit speeds. Always compare within your sport. Benchmarks differ significantly between baseball and softball.
🧱
Tee vs. Live Pitch
The tee shows your maximum capability. Live pitching or machine is what college coaches prefer for evaluation. Both matter.
🪵
Wood vs. Composite
Wood bats produce lower exit speeds than composite/aluminum. Targets vary. Pro evaluators use wood bat numbers as the gold standard.
⭐ Coach's Note on Measurement

College coaches prefer exit speed numbers from live pitching or machine when evaluating hitters. However, hitting off a tee is the best way to find your max exit velocity — there are no timing variables, just pure power. Use both methods and track both numbers throughout this program.

How to Get Accurate Readings

📡 Pocket Radar Setup RECOMMENDED TOOL
1
Position the radar 15–20 feet behind the hitter, down at the level of the ball on the tee. This lets the beam spread out for easier aiming.
2
Keep the beam inline with the path of the ball. Angle it directly toward where the ball will travel after contact.
3
Tap the button as the hitter is about to plant their front foot at the start of the swing. The radar shows exit speed immediately after contact.
4
Net placement: Set the net or target at least 15–20 feet from the hitter. This allows the ball to be in flight long enough for the radar to register a clean reading.
💡
Continuous Reading Mode
The Pocket Radar has a "continuous reading" feature — you don't have to manually click the button before every swing. Set it up once and track multiple swings in a row. This is great for high-volume tee sessions where you want to find your peak exit velocity over a large sample.

Exit Velocity Trumps Launch Angle

"Exit velocity, generally speaking, means more than launch angle in terms of predicting success. You can predict batted ball outcomes using exit velocity alone. Exit Velocity trumps angle."

— FanGraphs · Andrew Perpetua, May 11, 2017

To leave the ballpark, you need all three:

  • Optimal exit speed — the higher the better
  • Launch angle 20°–36° — the home run window
  • The ball must be fair — simple as that
🎯
Youth Target Angle
For smaller/younger hitters, line drives register at 10°–19°. That's a great target. In the Pros, the most valuable batted balls are 19°–26°.
Launch Angle Zones
36° 20° 19° Pro Sweet Spot 10–19° Line Drive Home Plate HR ZONE
Red zone = 20°–36° home run window

Where Should You Be?

Age / Level Exit Speed Target Visual Scale
Ages 8–10
55–65 mph
Ages 11–13
60–70 mph
Ages 14–15
75–80 mph
JV (15–16)
80 mph alum / 75 mph wood
Varsity (15–18)
90 mph alum / 85 mph wood
College
95 mph alum / 90 mph wood
Professional
100+ mph wood

The Upper Limit of Human Power

🔥 Hardest Hit 2021
Giancarlo Stanton
122.2 mph
10.3° Launch Angle · 472 feet from home plate
📏 Furthest Hit 2021
Miguel Sanó
495 feet
117 MPH · 17.6° Launch Angle
🎯
HitTrax — Track Your Numbers
HitTrax measures exit speed, launch angle, distance, and more through motion sensors and video. It's one of the best tools for tracking progress during this program. Visit hittrax.com/StatCenter/Leaderboard to see where players at your age and level are hitting. Note: some readings on public leaderboards can be inaccurate — use it as a reference, not a gospel.

Where Should You Be?

Age / Level Exit Speed Target Visual Scale
Ages 8–10
45–50 mph
Ages 11–12
55–60 mph
Ages 13–14
60–65 mph
High School
70–75 mph
College
75+ mph
Professional
80+ mph

Real Numbers From Real Players

🥎 Hardest Off Tee
Crystal Bustos
92 mph
Hardest hit softball off a tee — ever recorded
⚡ Hardest On Field
Samantha Pappas
85 mph
Hardest hit softball recorded during live field play
🎓 College Cage Record
Kelsey Hall
86.8 mph
Hardest hit by a college player in a cage setting
⭐ Youth Record
Kaity (Elementary)
77 mph
Hardest hit softball by an elementary school hitter
🎯
Coach Steve's Softball Target
If a high school softball hitter can legitimately hit 70 mph on the radar gun, their chances of playing at a high level are very high. Many college players average in the 68–75 mph range. Make it a goal to reach 75 mph — it would be the equivalent of a pitcher throwing 60+. If you can hit 80+, give us a call!

Your Roadmap to More MPH

Weeks 1–3
🔴 Phase 1 — Foundation
Baseline, Mechanics & Movement Quality
Before adding resistance or speed work, this phase locks in your mechanical foundation. Establish your baseline exit velocity using a radar gun or sensor. Focus on hip loading, hand path, and staying connected through the zone. No overload work yet — just clean, powerful swings. Test weekly with the same bat and tee setup.
Weeks 4–8
🔴 Phase 2 — Development
Overload / Underload Speed Training
Introduce Overload/Underload bat progressions (see Bat Speed Training Program for full workout details). Add heavy ball and light ball variations. This is where most athletes see measurable exit speed gains — expect to see results in 2–3 weeks. Track weekly. 3–4 sessions per week off-season, 2–3 in-season.
Weeks 9–12
🔴 Phase 3 — Transfer & Peak
Live Pitching, Machines & Game-Speed Integration
Transfer your new exit velocity gains into live pitching and machine work. College coaches evaluate off live pitching — this is where your off-tee numbers become recruiting numbers. Measure exit speed off both tee and machine. Reduce overload volume, maintain intensity. Retest final numbers and document your total gain.

What Actually Moves the Needle

🔁
Proper Body Movements First
The quickest way to achieve gains in exit speed is having proper body movements. Athletic, powerful mechanics create a more efficient transfer of energy from your body into the ball. Fix the machine before adding horsepower.
Overload / Underload Training
Once mechanics are solid, Overload/Underload bat training builds both the strength (overload) and speed (underload) dimensions of exit velocity simultaneously — the most effective method available for hitters.
📡
Weekly Measurement
Track exit speed every week with a radar gun or sensor (Blast Motion, Diamond Kinetics, Pocket Radar). Consistent data shows you what's working and keeps you motivated as numbers climb.
🎯
Tee Work + Live Pitching
Use the tee to find your maximum exit velocity ceiling. Use live pitching or machine work to translate that ceiling into real game performance. Both have a role in this program.

Phase-by-Phase Drills

1
PHASE 1 — FOUNDATION DRILLS
Mechanics, Sequencing & Connection
Weeks 1–3
1
Tee Work — Game Bat Only: 3 sets of 10 swings focused on hip-to-hand sequencing. Measure exit velo on each set — this is your weekly baseline.
BASELINE
2
High Tee / Low Tee Contrast: 10 swings at high position, 10 at low. Trains swing path flexibility while keeping exit speed high across all pitch heights.
PATH
3
Fence / Wall Drill: Stand close to a fence. Forces the hands to stay inside the ball and prevents casting. Creates barrel efficiency that directly raises exit speed.
MECHANICS
4
Hip Load & Drive: Exaggerate hip load on tee swings. Feel the glute fire and drive through contact. Hips lead, hands follow — this sequence maximizes power transfer to the ball.
POWER
2
PHASE 2 — OVERLOAD / UNDERLOAD TRAINING
Heavy Bats · Light Bats · Heavy/Light Balls
Weeks 4–8
1
Underload Speed Swings: 10 swings with an ultra-light bat (15–23 oz). Swing as fast as physically possible. Programs the nervous system for maximum bat speed — the highest-leverage exit velocity drill.
MAX SPEED
2
Overload Tee Work: 10 swings with +4, +9, +12, or +16 oz added. Builds strength in the exact swing pattern that creates exit velocity. Do NOT slow down — swing with full effort even under load.
OVERLOAD
3
Heavy Ball + Game Bat: Hit heavy balls with your game bat. Trains contact strength — your hands and forearms maintain speed through impact. Directly raises exit velocity at the moment of contact.
CONTACT
4
Contrast Sets (Finish Fast): After any overload set, immediately take 5–10 swings with your game bat at full speed. The contrast effect causes your nervous system to fire faster — your bat FEELS lighter and your exit speed peaks.
CONTRAST
3
PHASE 3 — TRANSFER TO LIVE PITCHING
Machine Work · Front Toss · Live BP
Weeks 9–12
1
Machine Work — Exit Velo Focus: Set machine to your typical game speed. Take 20–30 swings, radar each one. Target your tee baseline exit velo off the machine — that gap closing is the sign of true transfer.
TRANSFER
2
Front Toss + Underload/Overload: Bring the same weight progressions from Phase 2 into front toss. Adding timing to overload work is the final bridge between training and game performance.
TIMING
3
Live BP Exit Velo Testing: During live BP, have a coach or teammate track exit speeds off live pitching. This is the number college coaches care about. Document it week by week in Phase 3.
GAME SPEED

Record Your Numbers — Weeks 1–6

Week
1
Exit Velo (Tee)
______ mph
Exit Velo (Live)
______ mph
Week
2
Exit Velo (Tee)
______ mph
Exit Velo (Live)
______ mph
Week
3
Exit Velo (Tee)
______ mph
Exit Velo (Live)
______ mph
Week
4
Exit Velo (Tee)
______ mph
Exit Velo (Live)
______ mph
Week
5
Exit Velo (Tee)
______ mph
Exit Velo (Live)
______ mph
Week
6
Exit Velo (Tee)
______ mph
Exit Velo (Live)
______ mph
___
Baseline MPH
Week 1 tee reading
___
Mid-Point MPH
Week 6 tee reading
___
Total Gain MPH
Final − Baseline

Common Questions

Q: Does exit speed off a tee count for college recruiting?
College coaches prefer exit speed numbers from live pitching or a machine — but tee numbers show your raw power ceiling. Always report both. Tee numbers are a great training tool; live numbers are your recruiting card.

Q: How long until I see results?
With consistent training using overload/underload methods and proper mechanics, most hitters see measurable exit velocity gains within 2–3 weeks. Bigger gains (4–10+ mph) happen over 6–12 weeks of committed work.

Q: Is this program safe for younger players?
Yes — as long as mechanics are sound first. Exit velocity training should follow mechanical development, not replace it. For players under 12, prioritize movement quality above all else. The numbers will follow.

🚀
Exit Speed 101 · Coach Steve Baseball

EVERY MPH
COUNTS.

You now understand exit velocity — what it is, how to measure it, where you should be, and exactly how to improve it. The only thing left is to pick up a bat, set up a radar gun, and get to work. The numbers don't lie, and neither does hard work.

Quick Reference — Exit Velo Targets
Baseball Pro
100+ mph
Baseball College
90–95 mph
Baseball Varsity
85–90 mph
Softball Pro
80+ mph
Softball College
75+ mph
HR Zone Angle
20°–36°
⚾ COACH STEVE BASEBALL
Long Island, NY · Hitting & Player Development
For private instruction, visit CoachSteveBaseball.com